How to Improve the Performance of Electrochemical Sensors via Minimization of Electrode Passivation

It follows from critical evaluation of possibilities and limitations modern voltammetric/amperometric methods that one the biggest obstacles in their practical applications real sample analysis is connected with electrode passivation/fouling by reaction products and/or matrix components. This review summarizes how to minimise these problems field detection small organic molecules critically compares potential acceptability laboratories. Attention focused on simple fast surface renewal, use disposable electrodes just for few measurements, modification minimising fouling, measuring flowing systems, application rotating disc electrode, novel separation preventing access passivating particles materials more resistant toward passivation. An attempt made predict further development this stress need systematic less random research resulting new protocols amenable complications